Shouldn't quest for intelligence? Teach you to know the router

2021-07-04

With the advent of the Internet era, each consumer has more and more devices on hand to access the Internet, and as a multi-device network entry router products become more and more important, but for most consumers, the router is still very mysterious. A confused product. This article, the author will take you to understand the various common concepts of the router, and read about the recent very free router.

What is a router?

We all know that after the router is installed, all kinds of devices can access the Internet. However, the definition of a real router is not exactly the same. In fact, it is an IP layer device that is used to interconnect networks. In other words, Only two different networks can be connected. When bridging a secondary router, the IP segment must be modified. In terms of strict definition, it only forms the connection between the networks. Our familiar internal network device interconnection, WLAN network generation, and USB peripheral expansion are just extension functions of the router. The device that is really responsible for interconnecting each device in the internal network is Switch (Switch), the device that generates a wireless network is a wireless access point (wireless access point, referred to as wireless AP), and a common wireless router is actually a combination of these devices.



2.4GHz and 5GHz

Dual-band can be said to be the most popular concept in the past few years. It actually refers to two frequency bands for WLAN signal transmission. Among them, 2.4 GHz is the most commonly used frequency band, and it is also supported by previous routers. 5 GHz is the new frequency band. Dual-band is actually the main trend of current network equipment development. The reason is that 2.4 GHz is too crowded. Although WLAN defines 13 channels (China) here, there are only 3 channels that do not overlap, and each channel has a width (that is, bandwidth). At 20MHz, the consequence is that a bunch of WiFi hotspots interfere with each other, but they also face the squeeze from other devices that also use similar frequency bands. In addition, due to the lack of resources in the 2.4GHz band, the definition of bandwidth is very narrow, and the transmission speed is very low. For example, in 802.11n, the theoretical bandwidth of the 20MHz bandwidth is only 72Mbps, and the theoretical maximum speed for commercial use is only 250Mbps, which is simply poor.


In contrast, at 5GHz, because it is considered a new frequency band, the number of available channels is increased and the standard bandwidth is increased to 80MHz. Under 802.11ac, it is possible to achieve 433Mbps. In addition, with less equipment, it is flattering than 2.4GHz. Of course, many people say that 2.4 GHz also has advantages. After all, the wavelength is longer, the transmission loss is lower, the diffraction is better, and the signal coverage is better. But it needs to be emphasized that 5 GHz can smooth out its disadvantage through a reasonable network layout, but 2.4 The GHz defect is completely irreparable.

Wireless transmission specifications:

When buying a router, what are the 300M, ac1200, ac1900, and other specifications we commonly see? In fact, the theoretical maximum wireless transmission rate of a router is determined by the technical level of three dimensions. The first is the number of modulation bits of the signal, the more the number of bits, the faster the speed, and the larger the bandwidth and bandwidth of the channel. The faster is the speed; the last is through multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas to form multiple spatial streams, and the rate is doubled, and these are mainly defined by the IEEE as standard specifications, ie the standards of various versions of the 802.11 series, among which 802.11n 64-bit 20/40 MHz bandwidth supports MIMO, while 802.11ac is 256-bit 80 MHz bandwidth supporting MIMO.


When it comes to router products, the vendors add all the concurrent transmission rates in order to brag, and the highest protocol letters supported by the router are topped to form the specifications. For example, N300 is a single-band dual-stream 802.11n router, and ac1200 is a dual-band concurrency. The dual-stream 802.11n and dual-stream 802.11ac are added to 1167 Mbps, rounded to 1200.


In addition, newer products also appear in tri-band concurrency, which supports two hotspots concurrently at 5 GHz, so the specification is the sum of 3 hotspots. For example, ac3200 is a combination of three-stream TurboQAM and two third-rate 802.11ac, and ac5300 is 2.4. The GHz four-stream NitroQAM is added to two 5GHz four-stream NitroQAMs.


Smart Router:

In addition to the frequency bands and specifications, another concept that is more of a fire is smart routers. In fact, smart routers support third-party software extensions. Traditional routers do not support it, but there is no hardware difference between the two. It is not a gap that cannot be bridged by smartphones. In other words, traditional routers can also theoretically be changed to smart routers through flashing, as long as someone develops them.



It should be noted that most of the smart routers currently on the market are not very smart, because plug-in resources are scarce, and neither hardware nor functionality are better than mid- to high-end traditional routers, or even worse. Just some features, such as scientific Internet surfing and advertising, are not easy for router vendors because of well-known reasons, but smart routers can be implemented through third-party plug-ins.



In fact, the existence of smart routers still has unique value because they are all works of emerging companies. They pay more attention to user-friendliness and experience and are easier for novice users to operate. However, in the eyes of most geeks, the real smart routers still brush the products of third-party open-source firmware, but they are extremely difficult to use despite their extremely powerful features.

Router configuration:

In fact, routers are also configured. From the above section, it can be understood that all the routers are works of common hardware platforms and, like PCs, also need enough configuration to keep running. Specifically, the configuration of the router is to adapt the transmission specifications, such as driving a Gigabit Ethernet port and implementing a high-profile wireless network. The second is the operation requirement of the system software that approximates the concept of the PC.



For the second point, nothing more than clichéd processor performance, flash memory, memory, in this sense, the choice of router configuration is actually to brush firmware services, in addition to try to large flash memory, the main control program should also try to Select more resources, such as MT7620, BCM5357, BCM4709, and so on. If you do not plan to flash, you can focus on whether to support full Gigabit Ethernet ports, whether to support USB peripherals, high enough power supply, and large enough running memory.



Free route can buy in the end?


In the end, it means to say that the free router that is very hot recently, Fiji K1, quotes 159 yuan but you can withdraw the 159 after one month through the included bell card. It is equivalent to free, and many people have already withdrawn it without worrying. This router itself, specifications in the AC1200, 100M Ethernet port, MT7620A master program, 8MB flash memory, 64MB memory, power supply specifications 12W, does not support USB peripherals, the overall value is probably more than 70 yuan, but because you can withdraw Buy no loss. In addition, due to the versatility of the MT7620 platform, the storage portfolio is not too shabby, plus free, many people start, so that the current development of Fiji K1 is very high, there are a variety of third-party firmware can play, brush is also very It's very simple. It's almost a perfect product for users who are trying to toss third-party firmware or newcomers who want to learn. They can also brush third-party firmware without having to worry about what the official back door is. It is highly recommended.



Well, after reading the above, for the router, you must have a fairly clear concept. However, due to limited space, there are many concepts and experiences that have not been mentioned. The author will elaborate on the article in the next 11 months and hope that everyone will continue to pay attention.

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